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1994-05-02
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<text>
<title>
Russia: Drug Traffic Increases with Border Opening
</title>
<article>
<hdr>
Joint Publications Research Service, July 2, 1991
Law and Order: Drug Traffic Increases With Border's Opening to
West
</hdr>
<body>
<p>By V. Kyucharyants, "Will the USSR Become a Market for the Drug
Trade?", [Minsk, Sovetskaya Belorussiya in Russian, 1 Jun 91,
p.3].
</p>
<p> Whereas the two million Soviet people already "sitting on
their suitcases" await the passing of the law on entry and
departure as an opportunity to solve their problems abroad, the
law enforcement agencies see in it a potential danger for a
sharp jump in drug-related crimes. In the opinion of
criminologists, opening the borders between East and West, so
vital for creating a Europe-wide community and rule-of-law
state in the USSR, will also have a negative side: The borders
will be thrown open to the drug mafia as well.
</p>
<p> Drug dealers are constantly seeking new markets and,
unquestionably, would like to exploit the Soviet market.
Despite all efforts, we are constantly a few steps behind the
drug dealers. In the USSR this lag is small, since the problem
has a lesser scope. However, the problem is most certainly
global in nature, and therefore can only be solved by uniting
the efforts of all countries.
</p>
<p> Specialists from 13 countries in Europe, the United States
and Canada have drafted the necessary recommendations for
cooperation and unification of efforts under the new conditions
taking shape in a changing Europe. Improvement of the world
community requires decisive actions. The need to achieve the
declassification of bank deposits abroad in certain cases was
also recognized, and even Switzerland agreed that banking
secrecy often serves as a stout shield for drug dealers. Remote
satellite sensing will be used to reveal concealed plantations
of opium and hemp in both Asia and Europe.
</p>
<p> Although for the time being the Soviet Union has not become
an active arena for the international drug mafia, due to
reasons such as non-convertability of the ruble, definite
restrictions on entry and departure, and the complexity of
making money because of the poverty of the market, nonetheless
the scale of the spread of narcotics contraband throughout the
USSR is expanding. In the last five years, more than a thousand
attempts to transport drug equipment and psychotropic substances
were stopped at the border. The number of channels and suppliers
of the "intermediate" commodity through our country is
increasing. These include Afghanistan, Hungary, the PRC,
Vietnam, Romania and Iran. The situation in the country itself
is also changing. There is an obvious trend toward growth in
drug-related crimes. Whereas it comprised 9.3 percent on 1989,
it was 35.5 percent in the first half of this year compared to
the same period last year. In the words of Deputy Minister of
Internal Affairs Vasiliy Trushin, about 30,000 such crimes are
committed in the country annually and the amount of confiscated
drug equipment and raw materials for their manufacture is 25-30
tons. The latency of the problem complicates estimates, but it
is possible to assume that the number of people abusing
narcotics is significantly higher than the officially registered
number and approaches up to 1.5 million people.
</p>
<p> Whereas even a year ago MVD specialists preferred to say
that we had no united narcotics mafia, just separate groups
existing in various regions of the country, today it is already
obvious that the tentacles of the "octopus" grip it both from
South to North as well as from East to West. The "sorest spots"
are the republics of Central Asia, the Northern Caucasus and
Transcaucasus, the Ukraine and the Far East, where hemp is
growing in sizable territories and the population has long
engaged in the cultivation on poppies.
</p>
<p> The concentration of addicts, and hence the growth and
circulation of drugs is great in large cities, international
ports and resort cities. Today, specialists are noting the
stable interregional ties of a domestic drug mafia.
</p>
<p> According to expert estimates the annual turnover for drug
dealers in the USSR is over 3 billion rubles. Moreover,
exposing the mechanism for "laundering" the money obtained from
drug trade, one of the most difficult problems encountered in
all countries, is still "terra incognita" for Soviet
specialists. Of course, they are familiar with the experience
of foreign countries and have had certain successes in this
area themselves. However, the conversion to market rations and
the appearance in connection with this of thousands of the most
diverse independent enterprises opens up unusually favorable
"laundering" opportunities for the drug trade and, conversely,
extraordinarily complicates the job of police experts.
</p>
<p> A glance at the near future is convincing. The growing
foreign trade and humanitarian ties of the USSR, the opening of
the borders, and mainly, the upcoming transition to ruble
convertibility will give sharp impetus to the penetration of
drugs into the country and, at the same time, to their export to
other countries. A supranational awareness of the danger of
turning the USSR into one of the centers of the drug trade
faces the law enforcement agencies with new and highly
difficult tasks. The key element of international cooperation
in this area, unquestionably, is the exchange of current
information. The membership of the USSR in Interpol, which as
of this September has opened access for Soviet specialists to
the latest Western practices in the struggle against the
criminal world, will play a great role here. Furthermore, in the
words of V. Trushin, the USSR MVD has proposed to create a
special agency to coordinate the actions of all services
relating to one goal, the struggle against narcotics, under the
President or under the USSR government.
</p>
<p> "Of course, there are no universal cures," said M. Zh. Ensti.
"Every society, every culture has its own specific features,
yet we are seeking the possibility of general measures for
adapting them. The war against drugs may turn out to be a long
battle to exhaustion, despite the opinion of most people, who
see only its investigative side. However, the problem is far
deeper. Different laws operate here. The only law that drug
dealers recognize is that of supply and demand. And the demand
is growing, especially among youth. The reasons are spiritual
bankruptcy, and absence of vital values, and disillusionment.
Then they report to "artificial heaven." We have only recently
begun to regard this aspect seriously. Meanwhile, the forecasts
of experts are very pessimistic. Today, we simply must think
not only of those who already need to be rescued from this evil,
but also of future generation. We must give young people
spiritual values.
</p>
</body>
</article>
</text>